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Diabetic macular edema and its association to systemic risk factors in an urban north Indian population.

Singh Luxmi, Mullick Ritika, Ahmed Lubna, Garg Pragati, Lal B.B

Aim: To study the association of systemic risk factors with diabetic macular edema in an urban North Indian population. Materials and Methods: 600 eyes of 300 patients in the age group of 30-70 years with pre-diagnosed diabetes mellitus type II were screened for diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema. All systemic parameters were studied. Results: Diabetic retinopathy was found in 52% males with the male to female ratio being 1.08:1. Cystoid macular edema and serous retinal detachment were associated with increased fasting and post prandial blood sugar levels respectively. Hypertriglyceridemia was significantly associated with cystoid macular edema (p-value=0.001). 73.7% of smokers had cystoid macular edema. Increased serum creatinine is more commonly found in cystoid macular edema. Higher levels of Blood urea is significantly associated with diffuse retinal thickening (p-value=0.006) Conclusion: Of the systemic risk factors found in the diabetic patients, macular edema was found more in females, smokers, those with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, deranged lipid profile and nephropathy.